Gov Chapter 3

37 flashcards · Other · by Samantha Much

1. Federalism

   An arrangement of fairly autonomous levels of government

2. Cooperative Federalism

   Both levels of government coordinate their actions (marble cake federalism)

3. Dual Federalism

   The states and national government exercise authority in distinctly separated spheres of jurisdiction

4. Two Levels of Government elected by people for differing functions, requires cooperation

   1st characteristic of Government

5. National Constitution can't be changed without substantial consent of lower governments, no permanent changes without broad support

   2nd Characteristic of Government

6. Formally allocate authority to both levels. Ensures autonomy

   3rd characteristic of government

7. National courts resolve disputes between governments/departments. Supreme Court has final say.

   4th Characteristic of Government

8. Subnational governments are represented in the national legislature This is fulfilled by the Senate.

   5th Characteristic.

9. Unitary system

   Consolidated power structure.

10. Devolution

    A system that gradually decentralizes.

11. Confederation

    A system in which authority is concentrated in the states.

12. Elastic Clause, or the Necessary and Proper Clause

    "to make all laws necessary and proper", Article 1 section 8

13. Writ of Habeas Corpus

    Enables someone in custody to petition a judge to determine if the detention is legal

14. Bill of Attainder

    Legislation declaring a death penalty without trial, prohibited

15. Ex Post Facto Law

    A law criminalizing something retroactively.

16. Supremacy Clause

    If a state and national law clash the national one wins

17. Full Faith and Credit Clause

    Requires a state to accept court decisions, public acts, and contracts of other states.

18. Privileges and Immunities Clause

    States are prohibited from discriminating against people from other states, Article 4

19. Alexander Hamilton

    Created the First Federal Bank, first Treasury secretary

20. Nullification

    The states had the power to reject national laws they deemed unconstitutional

21. Dred Scott v Sandford

    The supreme court case that ruled the national government lacked the authority to ban slavery in the territories.

22. Interstate Commerce Act

    Regulated commerce between the states, created the Interstate Commerce Commission

23. Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890

    An act that made it illegal to monopolize or attempt to monopolize

24. Lyndon Johnson

    President who expanded the role of the federal government in the 60s

25. New Federalism

    The decentralization of policies enhances efficiency Nixon and Reagan

26. General Revenue Sharing

    Distributed funds with little restrictions on how it must be spent Reagan got rid of it in 1986

27. Grant

    A monetary incentive to pursue a policy, the carrot

28. Unfunded Mandate

    Federal laws, regulations, or rules that impose demands on the states without including the funding required to comply. Threat of punishment, the stick

29. Categorical Grant

    A grant that limits the usage of funds, favored by congress for control, like Food Stamps

30. Block Grant

    A grant that has little to no restrictions on how it's spent. Invites flexibility.

31. Creeping Categorization

    New administrative requirements on governments, replaces block grants with categorical grants.

32. Competitive Federalism

    Competition within a federal system between governments (I don't know if we actually need to know this one.)

33. Immigration Federalism

    The gradual movement of states into immigration policy

34. Advantages of Federalism

    Increases innovations by using states like labs, has distinct levels.

35. Disadvantages of Federalism

    Can lead to economic disparities, a race to the bottom, and can be too slow to react.

36. Gibbons v Ogden

    supreme court case establishing the national governments ability to regulate interstate commerce

37. Enumerated powers

    powers granted to the Federal government, and specifically Congress, which are mostly listed in Article I, Section 8