Victaulic

37 flashcards · Other · by Rob C

1. Fire Sprinkler Concept Defined as:

   Automatic sprinklers are defined as a fire suppression or control device that operates automatically when its heat-activated element is heated

2. Fire control

   Means limiting the size of a fire by distribution of water to decrease the heat release rate and wet the combustibles. While controlling ceiling gas temperatures to avoid structural damage.

3. Fire suppression

   Sharply reducing the heat release rate of a fire and preventing its regrowth by direct and sufficient application of water through the fire plume onto the burning fuel surface

4. when would you consider the complete FIRE EXTINGUISHMENT

   The complete suppression of a fire until there are no burning combustibles.

5. NFPA 13:

   Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems (Commercial), divides into light hazard, ordinary hazard, extra hazard, storage

6. Components

   Inlet Connection Discharge Orifice Orifice Cap Heat Responsive Element Frame Deflector

7. Light Hazard

   Contents are low in quantity and combustibility e.g., Office, Hotel, School

8. Ordinary Hazard

   Contents are moderate in quantity and combustibility e.g., Restaurant, Clothing and Manufacturing Plant, Amusement Occupancy

9. Extra Hazard

   Contents are high in quantity and combustibility e.g., Heavy Industrial Process, Paper and Pulp Mills, Building Materials

10. Storage

    Space is intended for storing materials e.g., Storage Facility, Warehouse

11. 1. Inlet Connection

    attaches the sprinkler to piping by external pipe threads or grooved connections.

12. 2. Discharge Orifice Also what does the have to do with the k-factor

    The orifice is the opening for water to flow through the fire sprinkler. K-Factor *The larger the orifice, the larger the K-factor* K-factor is a mathematical constant, given by the fire sprinkler manufacturer, that indicates the flow of water that is discharged from the fire sprinkler at a given pressure. K-factors range from 1.4 to 28.0

13. K-factor equals

    the flow rate divided by the square root of the pressure or K = Q ÷ √P

14. 3. Orifice Cap What are open sprinklers

    The orifice cap is used on automatic fire sprinklers to keep water from flowing. -Open sprinkler is an automatic sprinkler with the heat responsive and activating elements removed. -Open sprinklers do not have orifice caps, the discharge orifice is open.

15. 4. Heat Responsive Element What are their characteristics What can you say about the sprinkler sensitivity

    The heat responsive element breaks, melts, when exposed to sufficient heat. or otherwise functions to start the automatic operation of the sprinkler Heat responsive elements have a variety of characteristics: Sprinkler Sensitivity Temperature Ranges Type Fusible Links Glass Bulbs The type and size of the heat-responsive element determines the sprinkler sensitivity, some sprinklers are designed to operate faster than others.

16. RTI (Response Time Index)

    A measure of how fast the heat responsive element operates (thermal sensitivity)

17. 5. Frame

    The frame is the body structure holding everything. holds the deflector, the orifice cap, and the heat-responsive element in place.

18. 6. Deflectors

    used to create water spray patterns. Intended for different installations/applications (upright, pendent, sidewall)

19. Types of standard sprinklers on the marketing include:

    Standard Spray Conventional, Pendent, Upright, Sidewall

20. Types of extended sprinklers on the marketing include:

    Extended Coverage Pendent, Sidewall

21. Water Distribution Sprinkler water distribution patterns include: Standard Spray Extended Coverage

    Standard Spray The maximum area protected by one sprinkler is 225 ft2 | 20 m2 Extended Coverage The maximum area protected by one sprinkler is 400 ft2 | 37 m2 The discharge pattern is flatter and longer Reduce the number of overall sprinklers required to protect a space Can be affected by obstructions and sloped ceilings

22. Fire Sprinkler Types Types for sprinklers on the market include: Conventional, Pendent, Upright, Sidewall What do they look like

    Conventional Pendent Upright Sidewall

23. Escutcheons:

    necessary cover the gap between the sprinkler and the ceiling tile or drywall. They provide a finished aesthetic look but are key to the sprinkler activating properly. Without it, heat and smoke will rise above the ceiling through the gap and may delay the activation of the sprinkler

24. Applications of types of sprinklers Residential Storage Dry Sprinkler

    The dry sprinkler is used to protect unheated spaces or areas subject to freezing temperatures. They may extend into an unheated area from a wet pipe system, or they may be used as a pendent on a dry system.

25. CMSA Control Mode Specific Application -Used in Storage

    Attributes Listed for control of fire in storage applications Distinguished from standard spray sprinklers by higher temperature ranges and larger orifice sizes

26. ESFR Early Suppression Fast Response -Used in Storage

    Attributes Used primarily in storage applications Specially designed for high hazard fires Produces large droplets to penetrate fires

27. Dry Sprinkler

    The dry sprinkler is used to protect unheated spaces or areas subject to freezing temperatures. They may extend into an unheated area from a wet pipe system, or they may be used as a pendent on a dry system. HAs air in between sprinkler head and water so when heat responsive element breaks, difference in pressure of air and water causes water to rush out and operate

28. Attic

    Attributes Designed for use in light hazard attic spaces Roof structures commonly of wood joist and rafter construction Ceiling separating an unoccupied, combustible concealed attic space from the space below

29. Concealed Space

    Attributes Specific application sprinkler for horizontal, combustible and non-combustible interstitial spaces− Commonly intermediate spaces located between regular use floors

30. Fire Sprinkler System what is it and types

    Wet Pipe, Dry Pipe, Preaction, Deluge A fire sprinkler system is defined as A system that consists of an integrated network of piping designed in accordance with fire protection engineering standards that includes a water supply source, a water control valve, a waterflow alarm, and a drain. The portion of the sprinkler system above ground is a network of specially sized or hydraulically designed piping installed in a building, structure, or area, generally overhead, and to which sprinklers are…

31. Wet Pipe A sprinkler system employing automatic sprinklers attached to a piping system containing water and connected to a water supply so that water discharges immediately from sprinklers opened by heat from a fire (NFPA 13, 2019).

    Attributes Constantly filled with water Most efficient Water is present at the fire sprinkler when it operates so it can immediately provide water to the fire Other types of systems the water has to get to the fire sprinkler first and is dependent upon the successful activation of other electronic or mechanical devices Wet Pipe systems have fewer delays and failure modes than other types of systems Includes fewer and lower-priced components compared to the other types of systems The least amoun…

32. Dry Pipe A sprinkler system employing automatic sprinklers that are attached to a piping system containing air or nitrogen under pressure, the release of which (as from the opening of a sprinkler) permits the water pressure to open a valve known as a dry pipe valve, and the water then flows into the piping system and out the opened sprinklers (NFPA 13, 2019).

    Attributes Used in areas where wet pipe systems would freeze Filled with air downstream of the system valve System valve: Dry Pipe valve Activation when air pressure drops

33. Preaction Pipe A sprinkler system employing automatic sprinklers that are attached to a piping system that contains air that might or might not be under pressure, with a supplemental detection system installed in the same areas as the sprinklers (NFPA 13, 2019).

    Attributes There are different uses depending on the system type. Three types: Non-interlocked Single-interlocked Double-interlocked System valve: Preaction valve Activation when air pressure drops, detection system activates, or both

34. Deluge Pipe A sprinkler system employing open sprinklers or nozzles that are attached to a piping system that is connected to a water supply through a valve that is opened by the operation of a detection system installed in the same areas as the sprinklers or the nozzles. When this valve opens, water flows into the piping system and discharges from all sprinklers or nozzles attached thereto (NFPA 13, 2019).

    Attributes Used for hazards where the entire design area needs to be flooded in the event of a fire System valve: Deluge valve Activation when detection system activates Uses open fire sprinklers

35. Deluge Pipe A sprinkler system employing open sprinklers or nozzles that are attached to a piping system that is connected to a water supply through a valve that is opened by the operation of a detection system installed in the same areas as the sprinklers or the nozzles. When this valve opens, water flows into the piping system and discharges from all sprinklers or nozzles attached thereto (NFPA 13, 2019).

    Attributes Used for hazards where the entire design area needs to be flooded in the event of a fire System valve: Deluge valve Activation when detection system activates Uses open fire sprinklers

36. Deluge Pipe A sprinkler system employing open sprinklers or nozzles that are attached to a piping system that is connected to a water supply through a valve that is opened by the operation of a detection system installed in the same areas as the sprinklers or the nozzles. When this valve opens, water flows into the piping system and discharges from all sprinklers or nozzles attached thereto (NFPA 13, 2019).

    Attributes Used for hazards where the entire design area needs to be flooded in the event of a fire System valve: Deluge valve Activation when detection system activates Uses open fire sprinklers

37. Deluge Pipe A sprinkler system employing open sprinklers or nozzles that are attached to a piping system that is connected to a water supply through a valve that is opened by the operation of a detection system installed in the same areas as the sprinklers or the nozzles. When this valve opens, water flows into the piping system and discharges from all sprinklers or nozzles attached thereto (NFPA 13, 2019).

    Attributes Used for hazards where the entire design area needs to be flooded in the event of a fire System valve: Deluge valve Activation when detection system activates Uses open fire sprinklers