Sociology terms 2

25 flashcards · Other · by Chris Tran

1. Global stratification

   unequal distribution of wealth, power, prestige, resources, and influence among the world’s nations

2. Social control

   a certain set of rules and standards in society that keep individuals bound to conventional standards

3. Negative sanction

   punishment for breaking an established norm

4. Control theory

   the view that people refrain from deviant behavior because diverse factors control their impulses to break social norms.

5. Labelling theory

   focuses on the ways in which the agents of social control attach stigmatizing stereotypes to particular groups, and the ways in which the stigmatized change their behavior once labeled

6. Institutional means

   stable patterns of behavior that define, govern, and constrain action

7. Criminal justice system

   system for trying, defending apprehending, etc. for criminals

8. Capital punishment

   death penalty

9. Police discretion

   the freedom of police officers to make decisions as they perform their official duties

10. Looking glass self

    your reflection of how we think we appear to others

11. Gender socialization

    process of learning gender roles, begins at the onset of human life and occurs through cultural, structural, and cognitive avenues

12. Total institution

    closed social system in which life is organized by strict norms, rules, and schedules, controlled by single authority

13. Techniques of neutralization

14. Strain theory

    Social factors, like lack of income or good education, that drives people to commit crimes

15. Gender role

    Role or behavior learned by a person as appropriate to their gender, determined by preexisting cultural norms

16. Glass ceiling

    Unofficially acknowledged barrier to advancement in a profession, especially affecting minorities

17. Caste system

    Class system from birth, can only interact with those in the same status

18. Endogamy

    The custom of marrying within the limits of local community, clan or tribe

19. Apartheid

    Form of segregation "apartness"

20. Social mobility

    The ability to move individuals or groups up or down in status

21. Neocolonialism

    Use of economic, political, cultural or other pressures to control or influence other countries

22. Multinational corporation

    Organization that has assets or facilities in multiple countries

23. Power elite

    Small group of wealthy people that control a disproportionate amount of power and resources

24. Culture of poverty

    Concept in social theory that asserts the values of people experiencing poverty

25. Social class

    Division of society based on social and economic status